B2a Revision Questions

Cells

1. What 3 things do animal and plant cells have?
2. Name 3 things that most plant cells have but animal cells don’t.
3. What controls the chemical reactions that happen inside cells?
4. Name a chemical reaction…..

a)     that happens in all cells

b)     that just happens in plant cells

5. Most cells are specialised to carry out a particular function. Name 3 types of cell and what their function is.

Diffusion and Osmosis

1. How does oxygen get into a cell through its membrane?
2. What is this process called?
3. How can it be speeded up?
4. What is the process called which causes water to move into or out of a cell?
5. What is a “partially permeable membrane”?
6. If a piece of potato is put in pure water will the potato get lighter or heavier?

Enzymes

1. Enzymes are biological catalysts. What is a catalyst?
2. What are enzymes made from?
3. Why do they each have a special shape?
4. Why do they stop working at high temperatures?
5. What else effects how well they work?
6. Write an equation for aerobic respiration
7. Where, inside cells, does it take place?
8. How is the energy released in respiration used in the body? (3 ways)

9. The 3 most important digestive enzymes are amylase, protease and lipase. For each of these …

a)     What does it break down?

b)     What is produced?

c)      Where is the enzyme made?

10. Where is bile produced, where is it stored and what 2 jobs does it do in the small intestine which help to digest fats?

11. What enzyme is used..

a) in the production of baby foods?

b) to convert starch into sugar syrup?

c) to convert glucose into fructose?

 Inheritance

1. How many pairs of chromosomes do most body cells contain?
2. What chemical are they made from?
3. What are the small sections of each chromosome called?
4. What kind of cell has half as many chromosomes as a normal body cell?
5. Forensic scientists find hair samples on a coat used by a killer. Describe how they might be able to find the killer from these samples.
6. What is another name for normal cell division?

7. What haven’t stem cells done that other body cells have?

8. Where can scientists get stem cells?

9. What medical treatments can they be used for?

10. A farmer produces new tomato plants by taking cuttings from another plant. What is the advantage of creating new plants this way?

11. What kind of reproduction has taken place?

12. How are men and women genetically different?

13. Explain why there is a 50% chance of having a boy or a girl.

The brown eye allele is dominant over the blue eye allele

14. What is the opposite of dominant?

15. If a person’s parents both have brown eyes is it possible for them to have blue eyes?

16. Explain your answer with a suitable diagram

17. Name a disease which is caused by a dominant allele.

18. What are the symptoms of this disease?

19. Name a disease caused by a recessive allele.

20. From a genetic viewpoint, why shouldn’t close relatives have children together? (e.g. brother and sister)

21. How can parents be given the option of avoiding giving birth to a child with a serious genetic disorder?