| 1 |
The use of the
concept of amount of substance to perform calculations involving:
volumes of gases and balanced chemical equations. |
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| 2 |
The meaning of the terms: exothermic,
standard state, enthalpy change of combustion, enthalpy
change of reaction and enthalpy change of formation. |
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| 3 |
The pattern of enthalpy changes
of combustion for successive members of an homologous series (Activity
DF1.3). |
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| 4 |
How to calculate enthalpy
changes from experimental results. |
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| 5 |
The use of Hess's Law and
enthalpy cycles to calculate enthalpy changes. |
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| 6 |
Bond-breaking and bond-making
as endothermic and exothermic processes, respectively. |
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| 7 |
The relationship between bond
enthalpy, bond length and bond strength. |
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| 8 |
Recognise members of the
following homologous series: alkanes, cycloalkanes, alkenes,
arenes, alcohols and ethers. |
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| 9 |
The meaning of the terms: aliphatic
and aromatic. |
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| 10 |
Systematic nomemclature for
alkanes and alcohols. |
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| 11 |
The meaning of the term isomerism
and the nature of structural isomerism. |
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| 12 |
The drawing and interpretation
of structural formulae (full, shortened and skeletal) and the
relationship to molecular shape. |
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| 13 |
Balanced equations for the
combustion (oxidation) of alkanes and alcohols. |
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| 14 |
The effect of chain length and
chain branching on the tendency of petrol towards auto-ignition (Storyline
DF4; Activity DF4.2). |
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| 15 |
The meaning of the octane
rating of a petrol and how it may be increased (Storyline DF4; Activity
DF4.2) |
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| 16 |
The origin of pollutants
from car exhausts: unburnt hydrocarbons, CO, CO2,
NOx, SOx,
and the environmental implications (Storyline DF5). |
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| 17 |
The formation of nitrogen
monoxide (NO) in an internal combustion engine. |
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| 18 |
The meaning of the terms: catalyst
and catalyst poison and an outline of how a heterogeneous
catalyst works. |
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| 19 |
The use of catalysts in
isomerisation, reforming and cracking reactions to improve the
performance of hydrocarbon fuels (Storyline DF4). |
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| 20 |
The use of catalysts in
isomerisation, reforming and cracking processes and in the control of
exhaust emissions (Storyline DF4 and DF5). |
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| 21 |
Entropy: a measure of the
number of ways in which molecules can be arranged. |
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| 22 |
The differences in magnitude of
the entropy of a solid, a liquid, a solution and a gas. |
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| 23 |
The desirable properties of a
fuel (Activity DF1.1). |
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| 24 |
The work of chemists in
improving fuels and in searching for and developing fuels for the
future: use of oxygenates and the hydrogen economy (Storylines in
general; Activity DF1.1). |
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