| 1 |
The absorption of ultraviolet light and visible light in
terms of transitions between electronic energy levels. |
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| 2 |
The use of ultraviolet (u.v.) and visible spectroscopy to help
identify unsaturated organic molecules. |
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| 3 |
Colour changes associated with the following types of chemical
changes: acid-base (indicators), ligand exchange, redox, precipitation
and polymorphism (different crystal structures). |
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| 4 |
The relationship between the properties of pigments (colour shade,
colour intensity, fastness) to relevant properties (Storyline CD2
and CD3). |
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| 5 |
The general principles of gas-liquid chromatography (g.l.c.) |
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| 6 |
The techniques used to identify the materials used in a painting,
including the use of g.l.c. atomic emission spectroscopy, visible
spectroscopy (reflection and transmission) (Storyline CD3 and CD4;
Activities CD4.1 to CD4.5). |
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| 7 |
The nature of fats and oils as mixed esters of propane-1,2,3-triol
with varying degrees of unsaturation. |
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| 8 |
An outline of the process of oxidative cross-linking by which
unsaturated oils harden; the relationship of this process to their use
as media in oil-based paints. |
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| 9 |
What arenes and arene derivatives (aromatic compounds) are. |
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| 10 |
The structure of benzene. |
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| 11 |
How the characteristic properties of aromatic compounds arise from the
delocalisation of electrons. |
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| 12 |
The following electrophilic substitution reactions of arenes:
halogenation of the ring, nitration, sulphonation, Friedel-Crafts
alkylation and Friedel-Crafts acylation. |
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| 13 |
The formation of azo dyes by coupling reactions involving diazonium
compounds. |
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| 14 |
The structure of a dye molecule in terms of its various components:
chromophore, groups which modify the chromophore, groups which made the
dye more soluble in water and groups which attach the dye to the fibre (Storyline
CD5 to CD7). |
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| 15 |
Ways in which dyes attach themselves to fabrics: weak intermolecular
forces, hydrogen bonds, ionic attractions and covalent bonding (Storyline
CD7; Activity CD7.2). |
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| 16 |
The relationship between the colour of a dye and the presence of a
chromophore, and groups that modify the chromophore, in the dye
molecule. |
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| 17 |
The relationship between colour in materials and transitions between
electronic energy levels. |
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