The Respiratory System

• the structure of the lungs, trachea and bronchial tubes, and how breathing movements are brought about by muscles;
• how gases are exchanged between the atmosphere and the blood, through the respiratory surfaces of the lungs;

• how pulse rate, breathing rate and tidal volume change in response to changes in carbon dioxide and oxygen levels in the blood;
• how the vital capacity of the lungs may be affected by regular exercise or by lack of exercise;
• homeostatic mechanisms for controlling body temperature;
• how to plan laboratory investigations to investigate the above and evaluate their effectiveness.